Killifish Breeding : Progress with Aphyosemion celiae July 2017

Aphyosemion celiae is an endangered species of killifish, known from two localities close to each other in Cameroon. See my video on food and localities here: Our local water is similar to the water in their natural habitat, since both flow through volcanic rocks (basalts) and laterite (red clay) soils. We use a common water source for all eggs and fish, a cycled 55 gallon tank with plants, fish, and snails. 

A 55 gallon cycled tank for common water

Twenty gallons are used for water changes every week.  Dried Indian Almond Leaves tint the water and reduce bacteria and fungi.

A. celiae will lay eggs on synthetic mops. We have two mops for each pair. Symbols specific to each pair are written on the cork with magic marker.

A rack for mops, two per pair, with a species ID on the cork

The male watches for Drosophila

A mop dipped in boiling water. It will be cooled in stock water before use.

Before picking eggs from a mop in the 2.5 gallon breeding tank, we wash a replacement mop with tap water. Next we dip the replacement mop in a Pyrex pot of boiling water, then cool it with common water.
We put the cooled second mop in before removing the old mop with eggs. This reduces stress in the fish, as it provides shelter during the disturbance.


With heavy feeding and a water change from the common water, the female watches the male's courtship dance and follows him into the mop.

Our female colors up as she watches her mate's courtship dance. There is a video on my YouTube site here:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLD62PIoat4

Start, then click the box lower left to enlarge

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Later we will have a video on water changes. Notice from the picture we don't use filters in the 2.5 gallon intensive breeding tanks, instead we rely on weekly 80% common water changes. If the breeding tanks need cleaning they are partially emptied, placed on the bench, the fish are netted with a soft net and placed into an already cleaned and scalded replacement tank with common water and mops. The old tank is scrubbed with a plain plastic pad, rinsed with very hot tap water  (110 F), Scalded with boiling water,  dried with paper towels, partially refilled with common water, and a  clean mop added when needed. This procedure resulted in the courtship depicted above.

The eggs are placed in glass petri dishes with stock cycled water, i.e. “common water”. In the case of A celiae, we add a few drops of a stock methylene blue dilution, made with 10 drops of Methylene Blue per gallon of water. ON SOME BROWSERS CLICK 2X

A glass Petri dish holding half the eggs from one mop.
Note the letter C marked from the underside, code for A celiae

We gently pull the eggs away from the yarn, then drop then into the water. The photo shows seven A. celiae eggs collected from a small mop on 25 July 2017. Notice that three of the eggs are darker. When the eggs are near hatching, you can see the eyes.

The cover glass gets a paper tape label, including the species code CEL for A. celiae, the number of eggs circled, and for A. celiae, the letters MB for methylene blue.

The eggs are checked once a day, and infertile eggs are removed. About half the water is removed and replaced with common water using a disposable plastic transfer pipette.
Below two A. celiae fry have hatched. The remaining eggs are “eyed up”.

Click to enlarge.Some "eyed up" eggs and two hatched fry.

When they hatch, fry and eggs are moved to a Pyrex bowl in stock water, and labeled. Then the eggs are returned to their petri dish. In a few species the fry are slow enough to  catch with a blunt eye dropper, for example here:  

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The second day the fry are fed newly hatched brine shrimp.

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When they get big enough to jump out of the Pyrex bowl, they are transferred to labeled mini Critter Keepers.
Note the salmon colored bellies, full of brine shrimp nauplii.

Perhaps you would like to count the fry? Try the video:

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Killifish Breeding : Progress with Aphyosemion primigenium

Originally published in 2012 as oldafricahand  on my blog westafricanforests.blogspot.com, lost when hotmail died. This blog does repeat some material below.

A very frightened A. primigenium male.

We have a young pair of Aphyosemion primigenium. They live in a 10 gallon tank of aged, softened peat water. The tank has tight lid, a gravel box filter and two mops.

The male is above. He is very shy and rarely swims in the front of the tank. Here he has seen me and his red dots have faded, but he is very bright when courting the female. The female is very tame, and hangs out in the front of the tank much of the time.

Currently we are raising several cohorts of young, totaling 33 juveniles, and have several dishes of viable eggs. I'm getting overwhelmed with A. primigenium and have slowed egg collection. The parents don't bother their young.

When the fry hatch out we keep them in labeled pyrex bowls, about 4" diameter  x 1.6" deep, with a few sprigs of Java Moss. Each plant has been visually checked with a magnifier to make sure there are no mature Hydra on them. Snails are also not included in the fry bowls.The bowls are checked each day, and half the water is changed with a turkey baster. Removed water is put into a plastic dish to be sure no fry are removed with the water.


[Note: We raised this species in 2012 and 2015.  In 2012 we had a few Hydra.]

If young  Hydra are seen the water and fish, less the moss, are dumped into a clean labeled bowl. The hydra stay behind, attached to the glass of the old bowl and the moss.  The old bowl is cleaned with scalding hot water,  then wiped with a new paper towel. That's the end of the Hydra.



 The A. primigenium fry can eat freshly hatched brine shrimp immediately, and they grow fast.

Aphyosemion primigenium is considered "Vulnerable" on the IUCN redlist, here:
http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/181645/0. Vulnerable is the next level below endangered.

The IUCN reviewers write:
"Aphyosemion (Mesoaphyosemion) primigenium is known from maximum five localities from between Mouila and Bdede-Lebamba [Lebamba] in the Ngounie and Nyanga Rivers in southwestern Gabon."

Above is the Ngounie River, a tributary of the Ogooué River, as it flows past Mouila.

Above you see the Ngounie mapped from Mouila toward Labamba, and A. primigenium also extends into the Nyanga watershed, shown here at balloon "A". The river runs about 90km between the two towns, which are about 50 miles apart as the crow flies. The trip from Mouila down N1, then northeast to Labamba, is 114 km long.

Here the two towns are shown in Google Earth. Note the scale.

Killifish Breeding : Why Aphyosemion celiae is endangered

   Originally published in 2012 as oldafricahand  on my blog westafricanforests.blogspot.com, lost when hotmail died. This blog does repeat some material below.

 Aphyosemion celiae is on the IUCN list of endangered species.
http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/183090/0

According to IUCN, its range is restricted to the Mungo River watershed in western Cameroon.

A better map is here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mungo_River,_Cameroon

Scheel (1990) noted that Aphyosemion celiae occurs just east of Kumba (top map) but that Amiet told Scheel that A. celiae also occured in the Bakaka Forest Reserve east of Loum volcano (Mt. Kupe). That drainage is generally considered to be part of the Mungo River watershed, because of a connection in the delta. See the map here:
http://cameroon-tour.com/geography/drainage.html

The worry is that erosion and pollution from  plantations upstream could kill the species in the lower part of the watershed. see this link for a description of the many plantations from Nkongsamba to Loum along N5, then on to Kumba along N16.


Agricultural runoff in the river would cause the death of fish species, despite Forest Preserves such as Bakaka.

People maintaining an endangered species distribute offspring to other fish breeders the know. Usually pairs are formed with individuals from different parents, to avoid inbreeding, but from the same locality, to avoid hybrids.

Killifish Breeding : Progress with Aphyosemion celiae

Originally published in 2012 as oldafricahand  on my blog westafricanforests.blogspot.com, lost when hotmail died. This blog does repeat some material below.



We have a breeding pair of A. celiae in a 10 gallon aquarium filled about 2/3rds with aged peat water. The fish eat flightless Drosophila melanogaster and brine shrimp. The tank has a hinged glass Versa Top lid, with scotch tape covering the airline entrance. The water has had the Calcium and Magnesium ions replaced with Sodium ion via an ion-exchange resin, and so is moderately soft. In the tanks are two light green mops made of synthetic yarn; they are long enough to extend over the floor of the Aquaeon All-glass aquarium. Also in the tank is a Pyrex dish with 1" of peat; the peat was  boiled prior to introduction. Both of those media are in the back of the tank. In the foreground is a shallow tray of large pebbles, say 1/2 centimeters in their long dimension. The tank also has a small Penn-Plax box filter from Walmart; it has gravel in it.

I check the eggs in one mop every other day. Checking only one at a time provides cover and minimal disturbance. The eggs are amber, probably from the peat. Usually I'll get 5-8 medium sized eggs; not a lot, but enough for me to process before work. By contrast the A. primigenium and Epiplatys dageti produce about 15 eggs per batch.

I remove the mop eggs and place them in water, in a shallow Pyrex bowl. Then I cover the dish with an opaque top with holes burned in it, and slide the covered bowl onto a shaded shelf near the floor of the fishroom. I can see the eggs with my reading glasses. Meanwhile babies from eggs I did not remove swim around happily with their parents.

Killifish Breeding : Daily Fishroom Routine 2012

Originally published in 2012 as oldafricahand  on my blog westafricanforests.blogspot.com, lost when hotmail died. This blog does repeat some material below.

Our fishroom gets early morning light, and the fish do some of their breeding then. We collect eggs after breakfast, then feed the fish live foods such as brine shrimp nauplii, washed black worms or tubifex worms, occasional Daphnia, flightless Drosophila, etc. Large fish can take small bits of earthworms. Fry get infusoria or newly hatched brine shrimp, depending on their size. On occasion we feed Vinegar Eels to the fry.

Blackworms and Tubifex are washed until clean and in good shape prior to feeding. These have to be chopped for small species, and are not fed to young fish.

After feeding we make new batches of Brine Shrimp, then check every container of eggs. Fungused eggs are removed, fresh water added, and Methylene Blue adjusted.

When the eggs develop mature embryos, we transfer them to larger containers, and when they hatch, to 1 gallon critter keepers with an airstone, some floating plants, and some infusoria. When the fry are large enough we add baby brine shrimp

Water changes are usually done at night, or weekends. We use a venturi attachment on a garden hose bib to remove the water, then add fresh water pumped from the 55 gallon aged water tank. A 30 gallon tank with new tapwater is generally aged by water change days, and after all water changes are complete the 30 gallon's water refills the 55 gallon aged water reserve, and the 30 gallon is refilled with tapwater and sealed for three days.

Killifish Breeding : Aphyosemion celiae

Originally published in 2012 as oldafricahand  on my blog westafricanforests.blogspot.com, lost when hotmail died. This blog does repeat some material in other 2017 posts.

Male Aphyosemion celiae in a breeding tank

We keep a breeding pair of Aphyosemion celiae (Scheel, 1971) in our fishroom. We feed them brine shrimp, Drosophila, Bloodworms, Vinegar Eels, Black Worms, Tubifex, small earthworms, and Daphnia.

A video from our fishroom is here:


"CEL" is from Cameroon. Scheel (1990) gave two localities. The type locality is east of Kumba at North 4 deg 38 min, East  9 deg 29 min. Scheel (1990, p 188) adds that Amiet told him of an additional locality about 45 km away, from Bakaka Forest Resrve, east of the road from Loum toward Nkongsamba, East Cameroon. Take road N16 from Kumba to Loum, then N5 to the river floodplain east of the Loum volcano.

Keep in mind these roads can be difficult going. You need a 4 wheel vehicle with a winch, one with a great deal of clearence under the drive train. Here is a video of a portion of N16:

Kumba to Loum Road

However the Loum to Nkongsamba highway is better. Amiet's locality is east of the Loum volcano, under the clouds just north of Loum in the center of the Google Earth picture above.

You see the Loum Volcano in 3-D. Amiet's locality seems to be the floodplain of the river to the east of the road, N5.

A video from another user along the Loum to Nkongsamba road is here:
Loum to Nkongsamba highway

Our own water drains two basaltic ridges and runs through laterite soils. This is the reason we decided to take CEL as a conservation project. We have uniform water throughout the fishroom, and select species who evolved for similar water.

The type locality is a rural area of pastures and fields east of Kumba, and will be gone soon as Kumba grows. Note the rural appearance of the type locality N4.63 E9.48,  and the approaching town. CEL is in need of help.

Killifish Breeding : Our killie fishroom in 2012 and in 1970

Originally published in 2012 as oldafricahand  on my blog westafricanforests.blogspot.com, lost when hotmail died. This blog does repeat some material below.

When Sue and I were first married, there was a great pet store in New Brunswick, NJ, called Jersey Pet Supply. They had everything, including killies. On top of that, there was a local killie club, MAKA, with very knowledgeable aquarists, including a famous author of fish breeding books, Rosario La Corte. We kept killies in 5 gallon tanks, on shelves in our tiny apartment closet. We helped when our chapter of AKA hosted the national convention. Visiting dignitaries from Europe slept on our couch.

Here is our male Nothobranchius rachovii male in one of our tanks in 1970. Sorry about the poor focus.

In the house we have now,  we have several rooms in our basement. One is dedicated to fish. Basements are a great place for breeding fish, because they are warm in the winter and cool in the summer.